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The science

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How the pros actually build and stress portfolios — optimisation, fat tails, behavioural finance, and position sizing — explained simply, cited properly.

15 lessons · plain English · cited

1

When the optimizer fools you

Math that finds the “best” mix can backfire, because it trusts shaky estimates too much.

2

Blending the market with your views

A smarter starting point: begin with the whole market, then nudge it with your opinions.

3

Risk parity: balance the risk, not the cash

Instead of equal dollars, give each holding an equal share of the portfolio’s risk.

4

Why stocks pay more (the risk premium)

Over the long run, stocks have rewarded their stomach-churning ride with extra return.

5

Fat tails and black swans

Real markets have far more extreme days than a tidy bell curve predicts.

6

Value at risk (and its blind spot)

A common gauge of “how bad is a bad day” — useful, but it hides the very worst.

7

Your brain vs your portfolio

We feel losses far more than equal gains — and that warps the choices we make.

8

Are markets efficient?

Prices reflect a lot of what’s known — but maybe not everything, and not always calmly.

9

Calm and stormy market moods

Markets switch between long calm stretches and sudden stormy ones — and fear has a price.

10

How much to bet: the Kelly idea

There’s a math-optimal bet size for growth — and most pros deliberately bet less.

11

How backtests lie

A strategy that looks perfect on past data often falls apart in the real world.

12

What makes a business worth owning

Great long-term returns come from durable, high-quality businesses — and judging that takes more than a number.

13

Proving an edge is real (out-of-sample testing)

The only honest test of a strategy is how it does on data you didn’t use to build it.

14

Putting the science together

The big ideas combine into one calm plan: diversify, manage risk, cut costs, and stay disciplined.

15

Reading prediction markets

A prediction-market price is a real-money bet turned into a probability — useful, but not gospel.